Sand casting is the most common and traditional casting process in the casting industry, and it is the preferred casting method for small foundry manufacturers to start. Today, I will introduce to you the basic equipment and tools needed for the sand casting process?

According to the production process sequence, sand casting needs eight categories: sand mixing equipment, mold making equipment, core making equipment, molding equipment, melting equipment, pouring equipment, cleaning equipment, casting processing equipment, etc.

Sand mixing equipment

Equipment required for this step: sand mixer, tools required: shovel, sieve.

Sand casting is inseparable from sand, a special molding soil, which can be reused, but it needs to be screened with a sieve before use. The loam is finer, and then it needs to be mixed evenly by adding an appropriate amount of clay with a sand mixer. The small sand mixer is only 2000 yuan.

Mold making equipment

Equipment required for this step: engraving machine, materials required: Wood (wood mold), plastic mold (special plastic plate), metal mold (metal block)

Molds should be made according to the samples or drawings given by customers. The quality of molds directly affects the shape accuracy of castings! In the past, traditional wood molds were generally made by carpenters by hand. Now, due to the promotion of engraving machines, engraving machines are used for wood molds, plastic molds, and metal molds. A small carving machine with the ability to carve wood and plastic molds can be bought for thousands of yuan. If the engraving machine can engrave metal, it will cost tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands. The material range, accuracy, and automation of the engraving machine are the main aspects that determine the price!

Core making equipment

Equipment required for this step: oven, materials required: coated sand, thick gloves

Some castings with inner cavities often need to make cores (used in modeling, commonly known as lower cores). There are many methods of making cores, and there are two common ones. First, generally, the mold is made (usually together with the core mold when making the mold in the first step), and then hand-made with sand mixed with modeling soil (a bit like modeling, commonly known as coring). Second, use an aluminum core box, fill it with coated sand, and burn it in an oven. The oven can be special for casting or self-made.

Weld one by yourself with an iron sheet and bake it on the stove. Because the core box is very hot, wear gloves. The second method recommended by the editor here is that the core baked with coated sand should not be fired during pouring, and the surface of the inner cavity of the casting is relatively smooth.

Modeling equipment

Equipment required for this step: molding machine, tools required: sandbox, base plate, scraper, shovel, dip pen, V-shaped iron sheet for gate opening, brush, air hole needle, etc.

Molding is the most tiring and critical step in sand casting, and it is also a process with the most industry characteristics. In the past, molding workers used pure manual molding, but now most of them use molding machines, which greatly reduces the labor of molding workers. There are many tools used in modeling, including sandbox, bottom plate, scraper, shovel, dip pen, V-shaped iron sheet for gate opening, brush, air hole needle, etc. Most of them are small tools made by stylists according to their habits. In short, build a good model!

Melting equipment

Equipment required in this step: electric furnace, transformer, required materials: raw materials such as iron, aluminum, and copper, tin and iron (batching)

The main purpose of this step is to melt iron into molten iron, and the difficulty is to mix and control the temperature of molten iron. Because cupola has been banned, most large and small factories use electric furnaces as melting and refining equipment. Electric furnaces vary in size, with a large price gap, ranging from 10000 to 20000 for small-scale 200 kg furnaces to hundreds of thousands or even millions for large-scale ones. Moreover, the electric furnace needs to apply for a special transformer, and the transformer equipment needs to be bought by itself. In addition, the use of the transformer needs to apply to the local electricity bureau, and the application fees are different. Hundreds of thousands of small foundries should be set up, at least. Among them, the application fee accounts for half.

Pouring equipment

Equipment required for this step: molten iron ladle and aerial crane.

The molten iron ladle is divided into a big ladle and a small ladle. The molten iron melted by the electric furnace is poured into the big ladle first, and then from the big ladle to the small ladle. The worker carries the small packet and pours the molten iron into the formed mold. This step has a high-risk factor, so workers should take protective measures. In addition, when pouring large castings in large factories, large equipment such as aerial cranes will be used.

Cleaning equipment

Equipment required for this step: sand blasting machine.

After pouring, after the casting is cooled, the workers pick up the casting in the soil. They need to simply use a hammer to shake off most of the soil on the surface and smash the gate. Then throw it into the sandblasting machine for sandblasting.

Casting processing

Common equipment in this step: grinding wheel, grinder, cutting machine, lathe.

Casting processing belongs to the scope of machining. Generally, most of the machining equipment can be used, but it has exceeded the scope of casting. Generally, foundries can have the most basic tools, such as grinding wheels, grinders, cutting machines, etc. It's best to have a lathe.

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